{"id":1844,"date":"2026-04-01T01:12:28","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T01:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/composite-structure-diagrams-patterns-class-roles\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T01:12:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T01:12:28","slug":"composite-structure-diagrams-patterns-class-roles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/composite-structure-diagrams-patterns-class-roles\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 S\u00e2u V\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u Tr\u00fac H\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh: Gi\u1ea3i M\u00e3 C\u00e1c M\u1eabu Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf V\u00e0 Vai Tr\u00f2 L\u1edbp"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u giao di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong khi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac H\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh<\/strong> tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML n\u00e0y, mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khung r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udd0d S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac H\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac H\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac UML th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c X-quang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p.<\/li>\n
  • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
  • L\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qua nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c module kh\u00e1c nhau, logic b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    \ud83e\udde9 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac H\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

    1. B\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (H\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh)<\/h3>\n

    B\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n: ph\u1ea7n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n trong (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 tab) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

    2. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh s\u1edf h\u1eefu. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp Xe h\u01a1i<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/code>, B\u00e1nh xe<\/code>, v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e1i<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1edfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y theo.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110a d\u1ea1ng t\u00ednh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t xe h\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n b\u00e1nh xe).<\/li>\n
    • T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai, ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3. Vai tr\u00f2<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t Vai tr\u00f2<\/strong>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

      X\u00e9t m\u1ed9t USBStick<\/code> ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t Computer<\/code> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb<\/code> khi cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Giao di\u1ec7n<\/code> khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed5ng.<\/p>\n

      4. C\u1ed5ng<\/h3>\n

      C\u1ed5ng<\/strong>l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u01a1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. C\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Cung c\u1ea5p:<\/strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
      • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        5. B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n

        B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i<\/strong>thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udcca Vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a L\u1edbp<\/h2>\n

        Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/strong><\/th>\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/th>\nB\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
        Ph\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Vai tr\u00f2<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n.<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        C\u1ed5ng<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng (ho\u1eb7c vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c).<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

        \ud83e\udde0 C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n

        M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0nh vi mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

        1. M\u1eabu T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n

        M\u1eabu T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec7 quy.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n L\u00e1:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con. N\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
        • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con (c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c). N\u00f3 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp tin<\/code> c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c<\/code> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9a T\u1eadp tin<\/code> c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n. C\u1ea3 hai Th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c<\/code> v\u00e0 T\u1eadp tin<\/code> tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n chung Readable<\/code> giao di\u1ec7n, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

          2. M\u1eabu Facade<\/h3>\n

          M\u1eabu Facade cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n bao b\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • M\u1ed9t Facade<\/code> ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 DatabaseManager<\/code>, Logger<\/code>, Cache<\/code>).<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i x\u1ea3y ra th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ed5ng Facade<\/code> port.<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o facade, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

            3. M\u1eabu Proxy<\/h3>\n

            M\u1eabu Proxy ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trung gian gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • M\u1ed9t Proxy<\/code> ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn RealSubject<\/code> ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
            • C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng qua proxy tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean.<\/li>\n
            • B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y trung gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 sung (nh\u01b0 ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h2>\n

              Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh sang m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

              An to\u00e0n ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

              Khi tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2.<\/li>\n
              • Th\u1ef1c thi t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed hay kh\u00f4ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n. Trong tri\u1ec3n khai, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ch\u00e8n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e8n th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0m t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Ch\u00e8n th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0m t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o khi h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n
                • Ch\u00e8n th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n sau khi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o, h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n
                • Tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \ud83d\udea7 Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

                  Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  Hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m<\/strong><\/th>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
                  S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho logic tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1.<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh vi. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 cho lu\u1ed3ng logic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c.<\/td>\n\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n theo danh t\u1eeb (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n), c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng cho c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed5ng cho c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cho c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  B\u1ecf qua qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc s\u1edf h\u1eefu (t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p so v\u1edbi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

                  \ud83d\udd17 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. N\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cung c\u1ea5p chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. Ch\u00fang b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3. Khi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t C\u1ed5ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch tin nh\u1eafn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic. M\u1ed9t n\u00fat tri\u1ec3n khai duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83d\udcd0 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

                  \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau khi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
                  • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a:<\/strong>T\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u00ean mang t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng t\u00ean chung chung nh\u01b0Ph\u1ea7n1<\/code>ho\u1eb7cTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7nA<\/code>.<\/li>\n
                  • T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp ra ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n
                  • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n ghi ch\u00e9p giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \ud83d\ude80 H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

                    Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh module ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • T\u00ednh module:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo.<\/li>\n
                    • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u1ebfu c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                    • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ed1i ren.<\/li>\n
                    • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec:<\/strong> Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u01a1i l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t sinh b\u00ean trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a r\u1ee7i ro g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh refactoring.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83d\udd2c Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/h2>\n

                      X\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code>l\u1edbp c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c, chi ti\u1ebft v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 logic x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, l\u1edbp \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn:<\/strong> OrderItems<\/code>, \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao h\u00e0ng<\/code>, C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/code>.<\/li>\n
                      • Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong> Vai tr\u00f2 T\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/code> (\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1n), Vai tr\u00f2 X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/code> (\u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9).<\/li>\n
                      • C\u1ed5ng:<\/strong> C\u1ed5ng \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng Ngo\u1ea1i vi<\/code> (nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng), C\u1ed5ng Thanh to\u00e1n N\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/code> (g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thanh to\u00e1n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p thanh to\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

                        \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/h2>\n

                        B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cung c\u1ea5p n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o an to\u00e0n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                        • C\u00e1ch ly d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y qua c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng khai.<\/li>\n
                        • X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. Vai tr\u00f2 ValidationRole<\/code> \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn logic c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

                          \ud83d\udd04 S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

                          Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                          • Th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng:<\/strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1.<\/li>\n
                          • Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf:<\/strong>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n thay v\u00ec t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                            \ud83d\udcdd T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

                            T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong.<\/li>\n
                            • Ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                            • Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong> Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
                            • C\u1ed5ng:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n
                            • B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p giao ti\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                              \ud83c\udfaf Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n

                              Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                              Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh module, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

                              H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u giao di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1845,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 M\u1eabu v\u00e0 Vai tr\u00f2 L\u1edbp \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong UML. Hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[80,86],"class_list":["post-1844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-composite-structure-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 M\u1eabu v\u00e0 Vai tr\u00f2 L\u1edbp \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong UML. Hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. 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