{"id":1820,"date":"2026-04-04T10:21:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T10:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/practical-guide-timing-activation-uml-sequence-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-04-04T10:21:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T10:21:09","slug":"practical-guide-timing-activation-uml-sequence-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/practical-guide-timing-activation-uml-sequence-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh V\u1ec1 Th\u1eddi Gian v\u00e0 K\u00edch Ho\u1ea1t trong S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 T\u1ef1 UML"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t (UML), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1cth\u1eddi gian<\/strong>v\u00e0k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/strong>ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 theo th\u1eddi gian trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. \ud83d\udcca<\/p>\n

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\"Kawaii-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 D\u00e2y Cu\u1ed9c S\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Thanh K\u00edch Ho\u1ea1t \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ngd\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ee9ng, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong d\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1ecfng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/strong>, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (d\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t). Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3, thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao K\u00edch Ho\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i Quan Tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • T\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong> N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u1ed3ng nhau cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u1ed3ng nhau. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng A g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng B, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng B g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng C, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t thanh tr\u00ean A, m\u1ed9t thanh tr\u00ean B v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thanh tr\u00ean C, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
  • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i Tin Nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u1ee5 Thu\u1ed9c Th\u1eddi Gian \u23f3<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c d\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn. Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    1. Tin nh\u1eafn \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ch\u1edd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh thao t\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • H\u00e0nh vi:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng th\u1ef1c thi t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ecdi.<\/li>\n
    • D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> Thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin nh\u1eafn.<\/li>\n
    • Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m m\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. Tin nh\u1eafn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m d\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • H\u00e0nh vi:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lu\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c thi ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
      • D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> Thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 sau khi tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi.<\/li>\n
      • Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ki\u1ec3u g\u1eedi r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1<\/h3>\n

        Khi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb k\u1ebft th\u00fac qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd cho cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        So s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian tin nh\u1eafn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Lo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn<\/th>\nKi\u1ec3u m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/th>\nH\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi<\/th>\nK\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y<\/td>\nCh\u1eb7n \/ Ch\u1edd<\/td>\nB\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf<\/td>\nTi\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/td>\nB\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t<\/td>\nNh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i<\/td>\nK\u1ebft th\u00fac x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u23f1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian. UML cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i diagram.<\/p>\n

        R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

        Khi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t khung th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nh\u00e3n v\u00e0o tin nh\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 [100ms] ho\u1eb7c [5s].<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 tin nh\u1eafn:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tin nh\u1eafn di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
        • Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          H\u1ed9p th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

          \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1eddi gian\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd quanh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/code> ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5<\/code>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          [\u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5: 5s]<\/td>\nCh\u1edd 5 gi\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi<\/td>\nC\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1eed l\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          [th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 2s]<\/td>\nThao t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong 2 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\nR\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Nh\u00e3n \u23f1\ufe0f<\/td>\nGhi ch\u00fa th\u1eddi gian chung<\/td>\n\u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 song song \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

          C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ebfm khi ch\u1ea1y theo m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi song song b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n song song<\/h3>\n

          Khi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u1ea1nh nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3npar<\/code>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn b\u00ean trong \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tin nh\u1eafn kia, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p bao quanh c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian song song ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i tin nh\u1eafn.<\/li>\n
          • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng cho kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i song song d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 so v\u1edbi song song<\/h3>\n

            R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn (ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng) v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd song song th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng A g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn cho B v\u00e0 C theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi song song, th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd do ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

            Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u1eddi gian \u274c<\/h2>\n

            Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian. Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • B\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong>Xem m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
            • K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o:<\/strong> V\u1ebd c\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng A g\u1ecdi B, thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a A ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qua thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a B.<\/li>\n
            • M\u0169i t\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u m\u0169i t\u00ean cho tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi c\u00f3 ch\u1edd hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
            • Thi\u1ebfu tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1:<\/strong> Qu\u00ean v\u1ebd m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>\n
            • S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn mili gi\u00e2y v\u00e0 gi\u00e2y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ghi r\u00f5 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb (ms, s, min).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u2705<\/h2>\n

              \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sau.<\/p>\n

              1. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1eebng mili gi\u00e2y trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y trong 5 ph\u00fat, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p cao t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng 2 gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

              2. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n

              Duy tr\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ea9n UML 2.x cho c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian. Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 sinh m\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

              3. Ghi nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

              Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd, h\u00e3y ghi r\u00f5. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5, h\u00e3y ghi r\u00f5. C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

              4. X\u00e1c minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

              Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i logic th\u1eddi gian c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 backend. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh xem c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

              \u0110\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

              Khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Theo d\u00f5i d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ebfm c\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau thao t\u00e1c x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n
              • \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ngang gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
              • Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi gian n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
              • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9:<\/strong> T\u00ecm c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng song song h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                Th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd 5 gi\u00e2y, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh song song, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111a lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

                Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy chu\u1ea9n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1821,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"\ud83d\udd52 Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 UML","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 UML. 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