![\"A](\"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/uml-sequence-diagram-syntax-rules-infographic.jpg\"\/)
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham gia. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hay c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con tham gia v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi<\/h3>\n\n- \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham gia \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ee9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
- C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong> H\u1ed9p th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt) n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
- T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1eeb khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham gia<\/h3>\n\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (Actor):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng que. D\u00f9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/L\u1edbp:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. D\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 d\u1ea5u hai ch\u1ea5m cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5,
:CustomerService<\/code>) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n- Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\/\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac MVC, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (logic).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n\n- Thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i tin nh\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
- T\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn
:User<\/code> v\u00e0 :Customer<\/code> cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n- Qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn \ud83d\udce9<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia. Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi, ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n hay ch\u1ea1y ng\u1ea7m hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n- Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi s\u1ebd ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n
- Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n
- Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi.<\/li>\n
- Tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1ea3ng: So s\u00e1nh c\u00fa ph\u00e1p tin nh\u1eafn<\/h3>\n
\n\nLo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn<\/th>\n Ki\u1ec3u m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/th>\n M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y<\/td>\n Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n; ch\u1edd ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nB\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n; g\u1eedi \u0111i r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nTr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1<\/td>\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i + M\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf<\/td>\n Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nT\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf + Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n Giao ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\nQuy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n<\/h3>\n\n- \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
fetchData()<\/code>, submitOrder()<\/code>).<\/li>\n- Tham s\u1ed1:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m tham s\u1ed1 trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi logic (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
login(username, password)<\/code>).<\/li>\n- S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong> G\u00e1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cho m\u1ed7i tin nh\u1eafn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1, 2, 3) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. Thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t) cho bi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n\n- Th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111ang b\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- G\u1ecdi l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p:<\/strong> Khi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ebd ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi.<\/li>\n
- Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ee9c th\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p cho thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n\n- C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn. Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ra.<\/li>\n
- Ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u1ef1c quan minh h\u1ecda x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau.<\/li>\n
- R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh v\u1ebd thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u1ee9c th\u00ec tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t logic \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hi\u1ebfm khi tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd song song trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n\n- alt (Thay th\u1ebf):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n logic if-else. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
- opt (T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. \u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n
- loop (v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p (for, while). \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c<\/code>).<\/li>\n- break (tho\u00e1t):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tho\u00e1t b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i alt.<\/li>\n
- par (Song song):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn trong kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h3>\n\n- K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
[ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean]<\/code>).<\/li>\n- V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ngay tr\u00ean m\u0169i t\u00ean tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
- Logic lu\u1eadn l\u00fd:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0
n\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7<\/code>; h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh[tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i == h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7]<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n5. Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u23f1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng logic; ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 UML ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c logic, vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n\n- Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn m\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:
[100ms]<\/code>).<\/li>\n- H\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:
[deadline: 5s]<\/code>).<\/li>\n- \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian (ms, s, min) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n- T\u1ea1o ra:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t
create<\/code> tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n- K\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t
destroy<\/code> k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef X) \u1edf cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n6. C\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u274c<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n\n- C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau:<\/strong> T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tin nh\u1eafn giao nhau. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng
alt<\/code> ho\u1eb7c par<\/code> c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n- C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e3n:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1eeb khi \u0111ang ch\u1ec9 ra kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Vi ph\u1ea1m logic<\/h3>\n\n- Thi\u1ebfu tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb khi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t
alt<\/code> kh\u1ed1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1.<\/li>\n- Tin nh\u1eafn m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb hai tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nhau tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t
par<\/code> kh\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n7. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n- Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u00ean g\u1ecdi:<\/strong> T\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
- Lo\u1ea1i tham s\u1ed1:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
- X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t API tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 404, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n- C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong> Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u00fang khi logic thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
- Li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> L\u01b0u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
8. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc \ud83d\udcd6<\/h2>\n
T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m ph\u00fat, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
\n- Lu\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh song song.<\/li>\n
- M\u00e3 m\u00e0u:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ecf cho l\u1ed7i, xanh cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e9t nhanh.<\/li>\n
- Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c li\u00ean quan. Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y diagram.<\/li>\n
- Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n, h\u00e3y cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u1edf cu\u1ed1i trang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
9. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n- R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p tin nh\u1eafn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1c module. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
D\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h3>\n\n- L\u00e0m quen:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00fa ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> Khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh vi n\u00ean tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10. Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra xem x\u00e9t \u2705<\/h2>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 UML c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y \u0111i qua danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- Tin nh\u1eafn:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9\/b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/strong> C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i
alt<\/code>, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/code>, v\u00e0 par<\/code> c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n?<\/li>\n- \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/strong> C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- Nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1819,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 UML b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo (59 k\u00fd t\u1ef1)","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 UML thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[80,87],"class_list":["post-1818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-sequence-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\n
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C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham gia<\/h3>\n\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (Actor):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng que. D\u00f9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/L\u1edbp:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. D\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 d\u1ea5u hai ch\u1ea5m cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5,
:CustomerService<\/code>) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n- Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\/\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac MVC, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (logic).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n\n- Thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i tin nh\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
- T\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn
:User<\/code> v\u00e0 :Customer<\/code> cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n- Qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn \ud83d\udce9<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia. Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi, ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n hay ch\u1ea1y ng\u1ea7m hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n- Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi s\u1ebd ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n
- Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n
- Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi.<\/li>\n
- Tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1ea3ng: So s\u00e1nh c\u00fa ph\u00e1p tin nh\u1eafn<\/h3>\n
\n\nLo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn<\/th>\n Ki\u1ec3u m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/th>\n M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y<\/td>\n Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n; ch\u1edd ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nB\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n; g\u1eedi \u0111i r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nTr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1<\/td>\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i + M\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf<\/td>\n Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nT\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf + Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n Giao ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\nQuy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n<\/h3>\n\n- \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
fetchData()<\/code>, submitOrder()<\/code>).<\/li>\n- Tham s\u1ed1:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m tham s\u1ed1 trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi logic (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
login(username, password)<\/code>).<\/li>\n- S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong> G\u00e1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cho m\u1ed7i tin nh\u1eafn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1, 2, 3) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. Thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t) cho bi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n\n- Th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111ang b\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- G\u1ecdi l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p:<\/strong> Khi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ebd ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi.<\/li>\n
- Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ee9c th\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p cho thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n\n- C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn. Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ra.<\/li>\n
- Ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u1ef1c quan minh h\u1ecda x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau.<\/li>\n
- R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh v\u1ebd thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u1ee9c th\u00ec tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t logic \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hi\u1ebfm khi tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd song song trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n\n- alt (Thay th\u1ebf):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n logic if-else. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
- opt (T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. \u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n
- loop (v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p (for, while). \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c<\/code>).<\/li>\n- break (tho\u00e1t):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tho\u00e1t b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i alt.<\/li>\n
- par (Song song):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn trong kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h3>\n\n- K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
[ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean]<\/code>).<\/li>\n- V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ngay tr\u00ean m\u0169i t\u00ean tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
- Logic lu\u1eadn l\u00fd:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0
n\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7<\/code>; h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh[tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i == h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7]<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n5. Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u23f1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng logic; ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 UML ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c logic, vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n\n- Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn m\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:
[100ms]<\/code>).<\/li>\n- H\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:
[deadline: 5s]<\/code>).<\/li>\n- \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian (ms, s, min) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n- T\u1ea1o ra:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t
create<\/code> tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n- K\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t
destroy<\/code> k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef X) \u1edf cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n6. C\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u274c<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n\n- C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau:<\/strong> T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tin nh\u1eafn giao nhau. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng
alt<\/code> ho\u1eb7c par<\/code> c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n- C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e3n:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1eeb khi \u0111ang ch\u1ec9 ra kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Vi ph\u1ea1m logic<\/h3>\n\n- Thi\u1ebfu tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb khi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t
alt<\/code> kh\u1ed1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1.<\/li>\n- Tin nh\u1eafn m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb hai tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nhau tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t
par<\/code> kh\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n7. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n- Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u00ean g\u1ecdi:<\/strong> T\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
- Lo\u1ea1i tham s\u1ed1:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
- X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t API tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 404, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n- C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong> Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u00fang khi logic thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
- Li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> L\u01b0u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
8. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc \ud83d\udcd6<\/h2>\n
T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m ph\u00fat, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
\n- Lu\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh song song.<\/li>\n
- M\u00e3 m\u00e0u:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ecf cho l\u1ed7i, xanh cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e9t nhanh.<\/li>\n
- Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c li\u00ean quan. Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y diagram.<\/li>\n
- Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n, h\u00e3y cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u1edf cu\u1ed1i trang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
9. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n- R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p tin nh\u1eafn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1c module. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
D\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h3>\n\n- L\u00e0m quen:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00fa ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> Khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh vi n\u00ean tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10. Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra xem x\u00e9t \u2705<\/h2>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 UML c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y \u0111i qua danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- Tin nh\u1eafn:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9\/b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/strong> C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i
alt<\/code>, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/code>, v\u00e0 par<\/code> c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n?<\/li>\n- \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/strong> C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- Nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1819,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 UML b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo (59 k\u00fd t\u1ef1)","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 UML thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[80,87],"class_list":["post-1818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-sequence-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\n
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:CustomerService<\/code>) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n- Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\/\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac MVC, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (logic).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n\n- Thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i tin nh\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
- T\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn
:User<\/code> v\u00e0 :Customer<\/code> cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n- Qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn \ud83d\udce9<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia. Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi, ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n hay ch\u1ea1y ng\u1ea7m hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n- Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi s\u1ebd ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n
- Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n
- Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi.<\/li>\n
- Tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1ea3ng: So s\u00e1nh c\u00fa ph\u00e1p tin nh\u1eafn<\/h3>\n
\n\nLo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn<\/th>\n Ki\u1ec3u m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/th>\n M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y<\/td>\n Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n; ch\u1edd ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nB\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n; g\u1eedi \u0111i r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nTr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1<\/td>\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i + M\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf<\/td>\n Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nT\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf + Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n Giao ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\nQuy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n<\/h3>\n\n- \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
fetchData()<\/code>, submitOrder()<\/code>).<\/li>\n- Tham s\u1ed1:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m tham s\u1ed1 trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi logic (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
login(username, password)<\/code>).<\/li>\n- S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong> G\u00e1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cho m\u1ed7i tin nh\u1eafn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1, 2, 3) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. Thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t) cho bi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n\n- Th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111ang b\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- G\u1ecdi l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p:<\/strong> Khi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ebd ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi.<\/li>\n
- Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ee9c th\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p cho thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n\n- C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn. Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ra.<\/li>\n
- Ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u1ef1c quan minh h\u1ecda x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau.<\/li>\n
- R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh v\u1ebd thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u1ee9c th\u00ec tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t logic \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hi\u1ebfm khi tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd song song trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n\n- alt (Thay th\u1ebf):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n logic if-else. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
- opt (T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. \u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n
- loop (v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p (for, while). \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c<\/code>).<\/li>\n- break (tho\u00e1t):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tho\u00e1t b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i alt.<\/li>\n
- par (Song song):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn trong kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h3>\n\n- K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0
[ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean]<\/code>).<\/li>\n- V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ngay tr\u00ean m\u0169i t\u00ean tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
- Logic lu\u1eadn l\u00fd:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0
n\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7<\/code>; h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh[tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i == h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7]<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n5. Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u23f1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng logic; ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 UML ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c logic, vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n\n- Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn m\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:
[100ms]<\/code>).<\/li>\n- H\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:
[deadline: 5s]<\/code>).<\/li>\n- \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian (ms, s, min) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n- T\u1ea1o ra:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t
create<\/code> tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n- K\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t
destroy<\/code> k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef X) \u1edf cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n6. C\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u274c<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n\n- C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau:<\/strong> T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tin nh\u1eafn giao nhau. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng
alt<\/code> ho\u1eb7c par<\/code> c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n- C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e3n:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1eeb khi \u0111ang ch\u1ec9 ra kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Vi ph\u1ea1m logic<\/h3>\n\n- Thi\u1ebfu tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb khi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t
alt<\/code> kh\u1ed1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1.<\/li>\n- Tin nh\u1eafn m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb hai tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nhau tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t
par<\/code> kh\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n7. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n- Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u00ean g\u1ecdi:<\/strong> T\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
- Lo\u1ea1i tham s\u1ed1:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
- X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t API tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 404, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n- C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong> Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u00fang khi logic thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
- Li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> L\u01b0u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
8. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc \ud83d\udcd6<\/h2>\n
T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m ph\u00fat, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
\n- Lu\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh song song.<\/li>\n
- M\u00e3 m\u00e0u:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ecf cho l\u1ed7i, xanh cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e9t nhanh.<\/li>\n
- Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c li\u00ean quan. Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y diagram.<\/li>\n
- Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n, h\u00e3y cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u1edf cu\u1ed1i trang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
9. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n- R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p tin nh\u1eafn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1c module. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
D\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h3>\n\n- L\u00e0m quen:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00fa ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> Khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh vi n\u00ean tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
10. Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra xem x\u00e9t \u2705<\/h2>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 UML c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y \u0111i qua danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- Tin nh\u1eafn:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9\/b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/strong> C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i
alt<\/code>, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/code>, v\u00e0 par<\/code> c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n?<\/li>\n- \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/strong> C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
- Nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1819,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 UML b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo (59 k\u00fd t\u1ef1)","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 UML thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[80,87],"class_list":["post-1818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-sequence-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\n
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