{"id":1661,"date":"2026-03-31T23:42:28","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T23:42:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/composite-structure-diagram-multi-tier-modeling\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T23:42:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T23:42:28","slug":"composite-structure-diagram-multi-tier-modeling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/composite-structure-diagram-multi-tier-modeling\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a t\u1ea7ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh<\/strong>tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i qua quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a t\u1ea7ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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\"Marker<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

T\u1ea1i sao n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh? \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con, c\u00e1c module v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
  • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng) m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a t\u1ea7ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbp tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi l\u1edbp logic kinh doanh v\u00e0 l\u1edbp l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

    1. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \ud83e\uddf1<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111a t\u1ea7ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/em>, m\u1ed9t Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t Giao di\u1ec7n<\/em>. M\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

    2. C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng \ud83d\udeaa<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Giao di\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p (Lollipop):<\/strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn cung c\u1ea5p cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
    • Giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (Socket):<\/strong> Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3. B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

      4. Vai tr\u00f2 \ud83c\udfad<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111a t\u1ea7ng \ud83c\udfe2<\/h2>\n

      Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111a t\u1ea7ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m ba l\u1edbp:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. L\u1edbp giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
      2. L\u1edbp logic kinh doanh:<\/strong>Ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
      3. L\u1edbp truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        T\u1ea7ng<\/strong><\/th>\nTr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/th>\nC\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/th>\nGiao di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/td>\nView, Controller<\/td>\nDisplayData, SubmitAction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Logic kinh doanh<\/td>\nX\u1eed l\u00fd quy t\u1eafc, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/td>\nService, Manager<\/td>\nProcessOrder, ValidateUser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, truy v\u1ea5n<\/td>\nRepository, DAO<\/td>\nSaveRecord, FetchData<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

        B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o; tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m \u1edf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

        B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0OrderSystem<\/em>. B\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 container cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111a t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u1edbp m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0OrderSystem<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
        • K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n).<\/li>\n
        • Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn (t\u1ea7ng) \ud83e\uddf1<\/h3>\n

          Ti\u1ebfp theo, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng logic. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7aOrderSystem<\/em>.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn 1: PresentationPart<\/strong>\n
              \n
            • Lo\u1ea1i: ClientApplication<\/em><\/li>\n
            • Vai tr\u00f2: Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            • B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn 2: BusinessPart<\/strong>\n
                \n
              • Lo\u1ea1i: CoreServices<\/em><\/li>\n
              • Vai tr\u00f2: B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd logic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
              • B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn 3: DataPart<\/strong>\n
                  \n
                • Lo\u1ea1i: StorageManager<\/em><\/li>\n
                • Vai tr\u00f2: L\u1edbp l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  V\u1ebd c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y b\u00ean trong ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1iOrderSystem<\/em>classifier. M\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n \ud83d\udeaa<\/h3>\n

                  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                  C\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a PresentationPart<\/h4>\n
                    \n
                  • C\u1ea7n c\u00f3:<\/strong> C\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn logic kinh doanh. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0BusinessAccess<\/em>.<\/li>\n
                  • Cung c\u1ea5p:<\/strong> C\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0UserDisplay<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    C\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a BusinessPart<\/h4>\n
                      \n
                    • C\u1ea7n c\u00f3:<\/strong> C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0DataAccess<\/em>.<\/li>\n
                    • Cung c\u1ea5p:<\/strong> C\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0OrderProcessing<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      C\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a DataPart<\/h4>\n
                        \n
                      • Cung c\u1ea5p:<\/strong> C\u1ea7n cho ph\u00e9p ghi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0StorageInterface<\/em>.<\/li>\n
                      • C\u1ea7n c\u00f3:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

                        B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap minh h\u1ecda lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i 1:<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Truy c\u1eadp Kinh doanh<\/em> (B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c) tr\u00ean Ph\u1ea7n Giao di\u1ec7n<\/strong> \u0111\u1ebfn X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em> (Cung c\u1ea5p) tr\u00ean Ph\u1ea7n Kinh doanh<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
                        • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i 2:<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Truy c\u1eadp D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em> (B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c) tr\u00ean Ph\u1ea7n Kinh doanh<\/strong> \u0111\u1ebfn Giao di\u1ec7n L\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/em> (Cung c\u1ea5p) tr\u00ean Ph\u1ea7n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi API ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng L\u1edbp Giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi L\u1edbp D\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ranh gi\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

                          C\u00e1c M\u1eabu M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh N\u00e2ng cao \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

                          Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e2ng cao n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

                          1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac H\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh L\u1ed3ng nhau<\/h3>\n

                          N\u1ebfu Ph\u1ea7n Kinh doanh<\/em> \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ri\u00eang. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Ph\u1ea7n Kinh doanh<\/em> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ri\u00eang, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n con nh\u01b0 D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/em> v\u00e0 TransactionManager<\/em>. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec7 quy n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i diagram ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

                          2. Giao di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n

                          Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi BusinessPart<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                          3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

                          \u0110\u00f4i khi, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 UML chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0129nh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, StorageInterface<\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Active<\/strong> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

                          Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                          Khi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • B\u1ecf qua c\u1ed5ng:<\/strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed5ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng cho m\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
                          • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
                          • B\u1ecf qua ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Repository<\/em>, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                          • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y theo v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2192 Kinh doanh \u2192 Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u2192 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh \ud83d\udd28<\/h2>\n

                            M\u1ed9t khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau:<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m:<\/strong> L\u1edbp tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd logic giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng? L\u1edbp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                            • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                            • T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/strong>Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i cho m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                            • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf DataPart<\/em> b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i PresentationPart<\/em>?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u1eadt l\u00fd trong h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • PresentationPart<\/strong> \u2192 M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Web \/ Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch<\/li>\n
                              • BusinessPart<\/strong> \u2192 M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n
                              • DataPart<\/strong> \u2192 M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

                                L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u2705<\/h2>\n

                                S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a theo c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean:<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
                                • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                                • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
                                • T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong>Khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i backend, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a frontend b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                                  Vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb; b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p \u0111\u00f3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                                  H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Gi\u1eef cho k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. V\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                                  Khi b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ecf qua l\u1edbp kinh doanh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u00f5 vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

                                  B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t module duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1662,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110a t\u1ea7ng","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a t\u1ea7ng b\u1eb1ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. 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