{"id":1644,"date":"2026-03-26T04:55:05","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T04:55:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/minimizing-lock-contention-smart-erd-design\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T04:55:05","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T04:55:05","slug":"minimizing-lock-contention-smart-erd-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/minimizing-lock-contention-smart-erd-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ERD th\u00f4ng minh"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Child-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a. Khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o kh\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ebdn, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 – Li\u00ean k\u1ebft (ERD) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cao. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u xung \u0111\u1ed9t. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp giao d\u1ecbch, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3a. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f3a \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00f3a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m g\u00ec. C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu hai giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 nhau, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Kh\u00f3a chia s\u1ebb (S):<\/strong>D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac gi\u1eef kh\u00f3a chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n (X):<\/strong>D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u00f3a \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00f3a \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c trang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a x\u1ea3y ra khi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp chia s\u1ebb. N\u1ebfu ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n bu\u1ed9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e9t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1eabu l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e2y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3a. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1edbm trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

    1. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, nh\u01b0ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef kh\u00f3a tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • R\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3, giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd.<\/li>\n
    • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i. Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3a c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed7i truy v\u1ea5n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

      Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Kh\u00f3a r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • R\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u trang h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i lan truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
      • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, h\u1eb9p (nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean) khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. V\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng trong c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n

        S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ghi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng” n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ea1nh tranh cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t trang l\u00e1.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • R\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3a trang cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ch\u00e8n m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
        • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u0103m cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng qua c\u00e1c trang kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ERD bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9t, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/th>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i<\/td>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a lan truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng cha.<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ho\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t BLOB\/Text l\u1edbn<\/td>\nL\u00e0m t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u trang h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng.<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho b\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh m\u1ecfng manh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cao<\/td>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ea3ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\nCho ph\u00e9p NULL \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ghi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ghi v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

          T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng cho ghi kh\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ghi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cao \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n
          • Sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
          • \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ghi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f3a \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

            Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. M\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c, m\u1ed7i thao t\u00e1c ch\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

            Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m vs. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng. Ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
            • Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. Khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ghi tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

              Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c bao ph\u1ee7<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c bao ph\u1ee7 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tra c\u1ee9u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng trong b\u1ea3ng g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n
              • T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c bao g\u1ed3mSELECT<\/code>c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n
              • Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c thi truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Ph\u1ea1m vi giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u23f1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                ERD \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch k\u00e9o d\u00e0i gi\u1eef kh\u00f3a trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                X\u1eed l\u00fd theo l\u00f4<\/h3>\n

                Thay v\u00ec x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn h\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch duy nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u00f4 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00f3a s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ghi.<\/li>\n
                • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con tr\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo t\u1eebng kh\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
                • C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ghi v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

                  C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp cao h\u01a1n (nh\u01b0 Serializable) ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3a. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (nh\u01b0 Read Committed) cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Serializable tr\u1eeb khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
                  • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Read Committed ho\u1eb7c Repeatable Read cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
                  • \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                    Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Khi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f3a c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i th\u1eddi gian giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1edd kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
                    • Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y truy v\u1ea5n n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c.<\/li>\n
                    • Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n ch\u1eadm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang gi\u1eef kh\u00f3a l\u00e2u h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ERD d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd cao, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

                      Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

                      Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                      B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 ph\u00ecnh to ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f3a. V\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1645,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u Xung \u0111\u1ed9t Kh\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ERD Th\u00f4ng minh \ud83d\udddd\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. 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