{"id":1620,"date":"2026-03-26T01:59:31","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T01:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/reducing-redundancy-large-scale-erd\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T01:59:31","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T01:59:31","slug":"reducing-redundancy-large-scale-erd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/reducing-redundancy-large-scale-erd\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ERD: Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Cartoon<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. S\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong ERD quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb; n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a, nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong khi v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udcc9 Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

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  • \n

    S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u00f4i khi, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    R\u1ee7i ro x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh x\u00f3a \u0111i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    B\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng nhau l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    M\u1ea5t m\u00e1t t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00edch l\u0169y. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i lan truy\u1ec1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sao cho t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd04 Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

    Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

    D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF)<\/h3>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t danh s\u00e1ch trong m\u1ed9t \u00f4 duy nh\u1ea5t vi ph\u1ea1m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i chia ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

    D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 hai (2NF)<\/h3>\n

    Sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1NF, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng 2NF n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng 1NF v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. Trong c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

    D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 ba (3NF)<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao d\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng 3NF n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng 2NF v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu A x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh B<\/em> v\u00e0 B x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh C<\/em>, th\u00ec A x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh C<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba tr\u1eeb khi B<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

    D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n Boyce-Codd (BCNF)<\/h3>\n

    BCNF l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a 3NF. N\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n logic cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    D\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

    		\n

    Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

    		\n

    Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

    		\n

    T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    1NF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    T\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    2NF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p do chia kh\u00f3a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    3NF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    BCNF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    M\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f C\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e2ng cao cho quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/h2>\n

    Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u – nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u00e9m. Thay v\u00ec th\u00eam kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean quan, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho ch\u00ednh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 cha.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i con v\u00e0 si\u00eau lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

      Khi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh chung nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu si\u00eau lo\u1ea1i\/ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i con gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. Thay v\u00ec th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh chung.<\/p>\n

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      • \n

        L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef cho b\u1ea3ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh lu\u00f4n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Cho ph\u00e9p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i con m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cha.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n

        T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tham gia. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

        \ud83e\udde9 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn<\/h2>\n

        Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf m\u00f4-\u0111un.<\/p>\n

        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>\n

        T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic kh\u1ecfi tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c, chia t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef ch\u00fang ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p logic.<\/p>\n

        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/h3>\n

        Chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Thanh to\u00e1n. M\u1ed7i mi\u1ec1n duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n x\u1ea3y ra th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng chung.<\/p>\n

        X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h3>\n

        L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. Thay v\u00ec sao ch\u00e9p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i b\u1ea3ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

        Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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        • \n

          Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>Chia nh\u1ecf b\u1ea3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f4i khi, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a n\u00e0o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh logic kinh doanh v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi c\u1ee9ng:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c m\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c danh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i thay v\u00ec tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng tra c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u2705 Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

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          • \n

            X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Ki\u1ec3m tra Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f3a, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>H\u1ecfi xem m\u1ed7i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3a c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Xem x\u00e9t Cardinality:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-\u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed Nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e8n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udd0d Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/h2>\n

            C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 sau.<\/p>\n

            H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udcc8 C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

            C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cao y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam t\u00ednh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm thao t\u00e1c ghi do c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a tr\u1eeb khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c view \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u1ecdc thay v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udd04 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 theo Th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n

            L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba th\u1ea5p theo th\u1eddi gian:<\/p>\n

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            • \n

              Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu d\u01b0 th\u1eeba m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

              \ud83c\udfaf Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

              Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u d\u01b0 th\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

              T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang logic \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi n\u00f3. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, d\u01b0 th\u1eeba tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n dai d\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1621,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u D\u01b0 th\u1eeba trong S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Quan h\u1ec7 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Quy m\u00f4 L\u1edbn \ud83d\udcc9","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u d\u01b0 th\u1eeba trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. 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