{"id":1612,"date":"2026-03-25T10:12:19","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T10:12:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/eliminating-circular-dependencies-erd\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T10:12:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T10:12:19","slug":"eliminating-circular-dependencies-erd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/eliminating-circular-dependencies-erd\/","title":{"rendered":"Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Child-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sao cho ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD). Nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi x\u00e9t ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n

\ud83e\udde9 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng trong ERD<\/h2>\n

Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng con sang b\u1ea3ng cha. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3ng con t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 trong b\u1ea3ng cha. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 C, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 C tham chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i n\u00fat trong c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft cha v\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hai chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c khi ch\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00f2ng<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • V\u00f2ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B, v\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i quay l\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hai chi\u1ec1u, n\u01a1i c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1u theo d\u00f5i l\u1eabn nhau.<\/li>\n
  • V\u00f2ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i g\u1ed3m ba th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: A \u2192 B \u2192 C \u2192 A. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
  • V\u00f2ng tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u01a1i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean), vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec7 quy v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u26a0\ufe0f T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. N\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho l\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    1. Vi ph\u1ea1m t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

    Khi b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu A y\u00eau c\u1ea7u B t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 B y\u00eau c\u1ea7u A t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi ph\u1ea1m r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i logic.<\/p>\n

    2. Suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111i qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i (join) trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c thi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec7 quy nh\u1eb1m \u0111i qua c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean CPU v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

    3. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h3>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c x\u00f3a lan truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft logic \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n kh\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd0d Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng<\/h2>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. Trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ecf, ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u1ea3ng, vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai s\u00f3t. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb:<\/strong>Xem ERD nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u1eabn tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u00fat b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e2y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o c\u00e2y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c cho m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 trong c\u00e2y, th\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n
    • Truy v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

      Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u1eadt l\u00fd. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      1. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

      Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF):<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u00e1ch logic ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng quan h\u1ec7 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
      • Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu Entiti A v\u00e0 Entiti B \u0111\u1ec1u tham chi\u1ebfu l\u1eabn nhau, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi xem m\u1ed9t trong hai tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111a l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f2ng. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng trung gian.<\/p>\n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfuSinh vi\u00ean<\/code> v\u00e0 Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/code>c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111a, \u0111\u1eebng th\u00eam m\u1ed9tcourse_id<\/code>v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ngSinh vi\u00ean<\/code>v\u00e0 m\u1ed9tstudent_id<\/code>v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ngKh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/code>b\u1ea3ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/code>ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 hai ID. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

        3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng view \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u00f4i khi, vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u logic. N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa A v\u00e0 B, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng view c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef A v\u00e0 B m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n
        • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t view k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p A v\u00e0 B d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh chung ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng quan h\u1ec7 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u1ecfi logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

          4. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tham chi\u1ebfu m\u1ec1m<\/h3>\n

          Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u ID c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n thay v\u00ec r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e8n\/x\u00f3a, cho ph\u00e9p v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n thao t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
          • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng ID tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/th>\nTh\u1ef1c thi t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n<\/th>\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\nTo\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/td>\nKhi d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            B\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\nTo\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/td>\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            C\u00e1c view<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (\u1edf m\u1ee9c truy v\u1ea5n)<\/td>\nB\u00e1o c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc cao.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Tham chi\u1ebfu m\u1ec1m<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng (\u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng)<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

            Sau khi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n sang ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

            Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea3y theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng con lu\u00f4n tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng cha, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng cha c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng con, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng truy v\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c view thay v\u00ec kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

            2. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3ng cha:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef parent_id<\/code>. Kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef children_ids<\/code> trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p s\u00e2u, h\u00e3y l\u01b0u chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \/1\/5\/9\/<\/code>) \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p truy v\u1ea5n nhanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec7 quy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              3. Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

              T\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0o pipeline CI\/CD. C\u00e1c script c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c script di chuy\u1ec3n SQL) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

              4. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

              Duy tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam b\u1ea3ng, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cao cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

              \ud83d\udd04 X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169<\/h2>\n

              Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u1ea3 thi do chi ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
              • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>Chuy\u1ec3n x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 sang l\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. L\u01b0u ID d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00fang trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
              • L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch di chuy\u1ec3n:<\/strong>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u1ed9t khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \ud83d\udcdd Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

                M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u01b0u ti\u00ean ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sao cho ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. 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