{"id":1557,"date":"2026-03-25T05:29:50","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:29:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/balancing-normalization-read-performance-erd\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T05:29:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:29:50","slug":"balancing-normalization-read-performance-erd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/balancing-normalization-read-performance-erd\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Infographic<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n gi\u1eefa t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p. Khi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD), h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i, c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chia c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh logic v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e8n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
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  • \n

    D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF):<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 hai (2NF):<\/strong>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 1NF. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 ba (3NF):<\/strong>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 2NF. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Boyce-Codd (BCNF):<\/strong>M\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a 3NF \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong truy v\u1ea5n. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

    Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc \ud83d\udcb8<\/h2>\n

    Khi b\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng chia th\u00f4ng tin ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm truy v\u1ea5n<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • \n

      I\/O \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u t\u1ea1m ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd CPU:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y sang b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef kh\u00f3a l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u00c1p l\u1ef1c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i l\u1edbn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 b\u0103m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c API c\u00f4ng khai, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ee9c th\u00ec. M\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ea5t 100 mili gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t 10 mili gi\u00e2y n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

      Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

      1. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

      Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u01b0 th\u1eeba. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean truy v\u1ea5n t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

      2. C\u00e1c View \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t view \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a l\u01b0u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u00ean \u0111\u0129a. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, view ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

      3. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

      T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea3i ghi. H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ghi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

      4. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n

      Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c bao ph\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c tra c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

      Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n

      		\n

      C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n

      		\n

      L\u00fd do<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ghi cao<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nhanh h\u01a1n. \u00cdt d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc cao<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i b\u1ea3ng. Th\u1eddi gian truy xu\u1ea5t nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      B\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap \u00edch.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Chia nh\u1ecf d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i: T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed7i khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai n\u01a1i,Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/code> b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o<\/code> b\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 sao cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

      X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • \n

        Logic \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao d\u01b0 th\u1eeba m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1eef cho logic g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0 th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \ud83d\udd27<\/h2>\n

        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0o n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i<\/h3>\n
          \n
        • \n

          \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 truy v\u1ea5n:<\/strong> Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> Theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed1i trong m\u1ed7i truy v\u1ea5n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hit b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ghi:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm thao t\u00e1c ghi qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

          Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n; chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

          B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5. Ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m cho nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

          H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u truy v\u1ea5n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo.<\/p>\n

          B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1eeba nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n gi\u1eefa t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1558,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy v\u1ea5n. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ER cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[80,84],"class_list":["post-1557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-database-design","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy v\u1ea5n. 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