{"id":1555,"date":"2026-03-25T05:25:21","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/validating-schema-evolution-using-er-models\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T05:25:21","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:25:21","slug":"validating-schema-evolution-using-er-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/validating-schema-evolution-using-er-models\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Charcoal<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfm khi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t mang l\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c sai ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t b\u1ecb x\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1eebng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Quan h\u1ec7 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERMs). \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i logic ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u00f3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh di chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

Trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi, t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00e2y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n
  • Suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. \ud83d\udcd0<\/p>\n

    Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER trong x\u00e1c minh \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Quan h\u1ec7 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (b\u1ea3ng), thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (c\u1ed9t) v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i). Khi x\u00e1c minh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

    D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng cha thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea3ng con ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c minh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
    • Ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> N\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi v\u1eabn tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n
    • B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong>So s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

      X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

      Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n, trong khi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Lo\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro<\/th>\n\u0110i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Th\u00eam c\u1ed9t (cho ph\u00e9p null)<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\nKi\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Th\u00eam c\u1ed9t (kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p null)<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      X\u00f3a c\u1ed9t<\/td>\nNghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/td>\nX\u00e1c minh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9t n\u00e0y.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\nKi\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do c\u1eaft ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Th\u00eam kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

      Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

      Khi tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f3 hai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t: t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch xu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

      T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h3>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u0169. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi tri\u1ec3n khai thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t, m\u00e3 c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eadp n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 b\u1ecf qua c\u1ed9t m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t, m\u00e3 c\u0169 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

      T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch xu\u00f4i<\/h3>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u0169 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n c\u0169 ch\u1ea1y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung xem m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay kh\u00f4ng. \ud83e\udd1d<\/p>\n

      Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

      Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tr\u00ed nh\u1edb ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 nhanh l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong>Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n
      2. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER:<\/strong> T\u1ea1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Ch\u01b0a \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
      3. So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam, x\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
      4. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
      5. M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>Ch\u1ea1y script thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
      6. X\u00e1c minh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
      7. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>Ch\u1ea1y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc 3, 5 v\u00e0 6, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

        To\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \ud83d\uded1<\/h2>\n

        Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00fang v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y.<\/li>\n
        • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tu\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n
        • Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c:<\/strong>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ghi qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          V\u00ed d\u1ee5, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t t\u1eebINT<\/code>sangVARCHAR<\/code>c\u00f3 v\u1ebb an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc, l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ki\u1ec3u logic, nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp nhau.<\/p>\n

          Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u1eb9t h\u00e0ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a b\u1ea3ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c minh th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
          • Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ed1n d\u0129 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u00e3y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 mong ch\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
          • B\u1ecf qua k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, th\u00ec script ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed thao t\u00e1c di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
          • B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c x\u00f3a m\u1ec1m:<\/strong>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i logic x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c script di chuy\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

            L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc.<\/li>\n
            • T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong>C\u00e1c script ch\u1ea1y nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
            • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3m tra cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/li>\n
            • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong lu\u1ed3ng CI\/CD, ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thay th\u1ebf cho ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Logic kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 xem x\u00e9t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p cao hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

              Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83c\udf31<\/h2>\n

              S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c. Coi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

              M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay c\u1ea3 khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/p>\n

              D\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1eebng thao t\u00e1c di chuy\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

              H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m tra l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo. Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00edch t\u1ee5 theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfm khi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1556,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[80,84],"class_list":["post-1555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-database-design","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nKi\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/validating-schema-evolution-using-er-models\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/validating-schema-evolution-using-er-models\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ez Knowledge Vietnamese - 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