{"id":1553,"date":"2026-03-25T05:17:55","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:17:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/partitioning-strategies-aligned-entity-relationship-model\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T05:17:55","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:17:55","slug":"partitioning-strategies-aligned-entity-relationship-model","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/partitioning-strategies-aligned-entity-relationship-model\/","title":{"rendered":"Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic, trong khi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy v\u1ea5n, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0i h\u00f2a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hay r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\ud83e\udde9 N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng: ERD nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed9t ERD \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft. Khi b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic n\u00e0y qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

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  • Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>C\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u across c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00ednh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan n\u00ean n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    B\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u1edf g\u1ea7n nhau \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd04 C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ngang (Sharding)<\/h3>\n

    Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ngang chia c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ERD, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi kh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi m\u1eabu truy c\u1eadp t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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    • Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng giao d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
    • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ERD:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng cha c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng cha c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
    • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
    • Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi logic t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng d\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

      Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng d\u1ecdc chia c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch khi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp c\u00f9ng nhau ho\u1eb7c khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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      • Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy v\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ERD:<\/strong> Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng d\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
      • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3m I\/O b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/li>\n
      • Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>C\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a truy v\u1ea5n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ngang v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao n\u01a1i c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadt k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t cao.<\/li>\n
        • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ERD:<\/strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \ud83d\udd11 \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h2>\n

          B\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng. Kh\u00f3a n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh quan h\u1ec7, kh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cha-con<\/h3>\n

          Khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea3ng con th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng cha. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng b\u1ea3ng con theo ID cha, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi con li\u00ean quan s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u00fat.<\/p>\n

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          • L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf:<\/strong>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n l\u1ea5y cha v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat.<\/li>\n
          • L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf:<\/strong>X\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
          • C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t cha c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u con h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cha kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ec7ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng theo m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham gia.<\/li>\n
            • Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n lu\u00f4n l\u1ecdc theo kh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n
            • Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng tr\u1eeb khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u2696\ufe0f X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n

              C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i l\u00e0 huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb chia t\u00e1ch. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/h3>\n

              N\u1ebfu B\u1ea3ng A v\u00e0 B\u1ea3ng B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Tenant_ID), thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>C\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
              • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n-thu th\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

                Khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n-thu th\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong>Chi ph\u00ed m\u1ea1ng cao.<\/li>\n
                • Chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong>T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5.<\/li>\n
                • Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<\/strong>T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n

                  C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c thi h\u01a1n khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • To\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n ghi con t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00e8n b\u1ea3n ghi cha tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
                  • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
                  • B\u1ed9 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea5p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
                  • Giao d\u1ecbch:<\/strong>C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n

                    B\u1ea3ng sau t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c nhau t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ERD ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                    Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/th>\nT\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ERD<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i<\/th>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                    Chia theo h\u00e0m b\u0103m<\/td>\nC\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\nCao (ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean)<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Chia theo kho\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/td>\nD\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c ID tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p (n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9)<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Chia theo danh s\u00e1ch<\/td>\nC\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Khu v\u1ef1c, Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i)<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p (n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9)<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Chia theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc<\/td>\nD\u00f2ng r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u00edt khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o)<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                    \ud83d\udd04 Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n

                    Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o. Khi ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ph\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Th\u00eam c\u1ed9t:<\/strong>Chia theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u1ed9t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                    • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i chia ph\u00e2n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c n\u1eb7ng. H\u00e3y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
                    • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c chia ph\u00e2n cho ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
                    • Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00e0o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \ud83d\ude80 M\u1eb9o t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

                      \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y, c\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng song song v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn truy v\u1ea5n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng g\u1eedi truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fat ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
                      • Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
                      • B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng tra c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean truy c\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat.<\/li>\n
                      • Gom nh\u00f3m:<\/strong>Gom c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ch\u00e8n v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \ud83d\udd0d Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n

                        X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc cho t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, trong khi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Khi hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

                        T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m theo m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i (join) th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean quan chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t logic ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng. Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                        B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1554,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ERD \ud83d\uddc3\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n 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