{"id":1543,"date":"2026-03-25T04:33:42","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T04:33:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/critical-normalization-rules-data-architects\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T04:33:42","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T04:33:42","slug":"critical-normalization-rules-data-architects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/vi\/critical-normalization-rules-data-architects\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ERD: C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u1eb1m trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa\u2014n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD), nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i lan truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch t\u1eebng quy t\u1eafc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb1ng sau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sao cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, x\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ba lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

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    Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng khi ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt:<\/strong> C\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng, ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng khi x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 khi x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n tin duy nh\u1ea5t. D\u00f9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ecfng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

    N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng: D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF) \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u1edf 1NF n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i hay m\u1ea3ng trong m\u1ed9t \u00f4 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    Vi ph\u1ea1m 1NF th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef danh s\u00e1ch trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t duy nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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      T\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      C\u00e1c h\u00e0ng duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1edfi kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ed9t:<\/strong> Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email, \u0111\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ba c\u1ed9t email. H\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u201cEmail\u201d ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam email th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

      Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n (2NF) \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Sau khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1NF, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u1edf D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 hai n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf 1NF v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

      Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh bao g\u1ed3m hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9t. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 (OrderID, ProductID), m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t cho \u201cProductName\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u201cProductID\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

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        Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m:<\/strong> Di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp con c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n \u201cProductName\u201d sang b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1edfi \u201cProductID\u201d, b\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf r\u1ee7i ro t\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf \u0111\u01a1n kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

        Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u (3NF) \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

        D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n 3NF n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n 2NF v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

        H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 EmployeeID, EmployeeName, DepartmentID v\u00e0 DepartmentName. N\u1ebfu EmployeeName x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh DepartmentName, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00f2ng ban, DepartmentName trong b\u1ea3ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3ng Ph\u00f2ng ban n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p l\u00fd:<\/strong>Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00f2ng ban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu t\u00ean ph\u00f2ng ban thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

          Khi 3NF kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7: BCNF v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

          M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 3NF bao ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 3NF nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n Boyce-Codd (BCNF) l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a 3NF, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 thi. BCNF y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0m X \u2192 Y, X ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 si\u00eau kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

          H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 (H\u1ecdc sinh, M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc), v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 logic ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o theo c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. BCNF \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed9t n\u00e0o b\u1ecb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u si\u00eau kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 si\u00eau kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng trung gian.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Xem x\u00e9t chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (4NF) v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (5NF) x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u1ed1i. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kinh doanh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

            Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ed1 h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u26a1<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy v\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac th\u1ed1 h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Th\u1ed1 h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

            Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi ghi. Khi thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa thao t\u00e1c ghi, vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              T\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc cao:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh, th\u1ed1 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian truy v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              L\u1edbp b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              R\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> H\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              Ph\u1ea1t vi\u1ebft:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi thao t\u00e1c ghi ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cho b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng 3NF. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn lai n\u00e0y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

              So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \n

              D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

              		\n

              Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

              		\n

              R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

              		\n

              Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

              \n

              1NF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

              \n

              2NF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              Kh\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

              \n

              3NF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              Logic kinh doanh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

              \n

              BCNF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              Kh\u00f3a si\u00eau<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a si\u00eau<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

              		\n

              Kh\u00f3a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2705<\/h2>\n

              \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                X\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed9t n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                Xem l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ch\u00e8n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem 3NF c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 hay c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/strong> Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh; n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng lan truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 3NF l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

                Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd trao quy\u1ec1n cho b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t ngay h\u00f4m nay m\u00e0 c\u00f2n linh ho\u1ea1t cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1544,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc 1NF, 2NF, 3NF v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[80,84],"class_list":["post-1543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-database-design","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. 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