{"id":1477,"date":"2026-02-23T04:36:20","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T04:36:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/in\/comprehensive-guide-to-uml-class-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-02-23T04:36:20","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T04:36:20","slug":"comprehensive-guide-to-uml-class-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/in\/comprehensive-guide-to-uml-class-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"UML \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"auto\">\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (UML) \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0915, \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/solution\/freeumltool\/\">\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/a>. \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u091f \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 UML \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 UML \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916<a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/features\/uml-tool\/\">UML \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/a> \u0939\u0948<a href=\"http:\/\/visual-pardadigm.com\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e<\/a>. \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/features\/uml-tool\/\">UML \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/a>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">UML \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p data-nodeid=\"1064\"><img alt=\"What is Class Diagram?\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-images.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml\/what-is-class-diagram\/what-is-class-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"1066\">UML \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/h3>\n<p><img alt=\"Class Diagram, UML Diagrams Example: Classes and Packages Constraints - Visual Paradigm Community Circle\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/circle.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Class-Diagram-Classes-and-packages-Constraints.png\"\/><\/p>\n<ol data-nodeid=\"1067\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1068\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1069\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1277\">\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1070\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1071\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1072\">\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0915\u094d\u0936\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e (\u0917\u0941\u0923) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 (\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1073\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1074\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1075\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1076\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1077\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1280\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1282\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1284\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1286\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1288\">\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1290\">\u0928\u0915\u0926<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1292\">\u091a\u0947\u0915<\/code>, \u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1294\">\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1078\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1079\">\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1080\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1081\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1082\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1303\">\u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940<\/strong>: \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1301\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1083\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1084\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1312\">\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u0917\u0941\u0923 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1308\">\u0928\u093e\u092e: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1310\">\u092a\u0924\u093e: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1085\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1086\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1321\">\u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u093e<\/strong>: \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1317\">\u0915\u0948\u0932\u0915\u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938()<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1319\">\u0915\u0948\u0932\u0915\u091f\u094b\u091f\u0932\u0935\u0947\u091f()<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1087\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1088\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1325\">\u0917\u0941\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1089\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1090\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1091\">\u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 (<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1327\">+<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1329\">-<\/code>\u00a0\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f) \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1092\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1093\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1332\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1334\">-\u0928\u093e\u092e: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1336\">-\u092a\u0924\u093e: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/code>\u00a0\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1094\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1095\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1341\">\u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1096\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1097\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1098\">\u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1099\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1100\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1344\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938, \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1346\">calcSubTotal()<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1348\">calcTax()<\/code>, \u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1350\">calcTotalWeight()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1101\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1102\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1355\">\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1103\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1104\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1105\">\u092f\u0942\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1106\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1107\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1108\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1361\">\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong>: \u0926\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0964<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1109\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1110\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1111\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1363\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1365\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a0\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (1 \u0938\u0947 0..* \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1112\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1113\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1377\">\u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u201c\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923-\u092d\u093e\u0917\u201d \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u090f\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1114\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1115\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1116\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1379\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1381\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>\u00a0(1 \u0938\u0947 1..*).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1117\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1118\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1389\">\u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0907\u0938 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1119\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1120\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1398\">\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u201c\u0939\u0948-\u090f\u0915\u201d \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948).<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1121\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1122\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1123\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1400\">\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/code>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1402\">\u0928\u0915\u0926<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1404\">\u091a\u0947\u0915<\/code>, \u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1406\">\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f<\/code>\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1124\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1125\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1418\">\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1412\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/code>\u00a0\u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1414\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u0947\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1416\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1126\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1127\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1422\">\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1128\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1129\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1130\">\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1131\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1132\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1133\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1134\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1135\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1425\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u0947\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1427\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a01 \u0938\u0947 0..* \u0939\u0948 (\u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1136\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1137\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1431\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u0947\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1433\">\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>\u00a01 \u0938\u0947 1..* \u0939\u0948 (\u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1138\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1139\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1437\">\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u0947\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1439\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/code>\u00a00..* \u0938\u0947 1 \u0939\u0948 (\u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1140\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1141\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1446\">\u090f\u092c\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1142\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1143\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1144\">\u090f\u0915 \u090f\u092c\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0928\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0936\u093f\u090f\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u091f\u0948\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1448\">{\u090f\u092c\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f}<\/code>\u00a0\u0915\u0940\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1145\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1146\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1451\">\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/code>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u090f\u092c\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1453\">\u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f: \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u091f<\/code> \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"1148\">\u092f\u0942\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/h3>\n<ol data-nodeid=\"1149\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1150\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1151\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1459\">\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1152\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1153\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1154\">\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1461\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1463\">\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1465\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1155\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1156\">\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1157\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1158\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1471\">\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1159\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1160\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1161\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u0941\u0923 (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 (\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1162\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1163\">\u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1474\">-<\/code>\u00a0\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1476\">+<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1164\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1165\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1481\">\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1166\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1167\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1168\">\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1169\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1170\">\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0928\u0948\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1171\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1172\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1487\">\u0905\u092c\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1173\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1174\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1175\">\u0909\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1489\">\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/code>\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1491\">\u0928\u0915\u0926<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1493\">\u091a\u0947\u0915<\/code>, \u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1495\">\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f<\/code>\u00a0\u0909\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1176\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1177\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1500\">\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1178\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1179\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1180\">\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u094b \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1181\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1182\">\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c \u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a-\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1183\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1184\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1506\">\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1185\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1186\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1187\">\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f camelCase, \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f PascalCase)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1188\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1189\">\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 UML \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"1191\">\u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/h3>\n<ol data-nodeid=\"1192\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1193\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1194\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1513\">\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1195\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1196\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1197\">\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0940\u0932\u093e, \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0930\u093e) \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1198\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1199\">\u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1516\">{\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927}<\/code>) \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1200\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1201\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1521\">\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1202\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1203\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1204\">\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u0947\u0935\u0932\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0938, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1205\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1206\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1526\">\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1207\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1208\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1209\">\u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0935\u0939\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1528\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a0\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1530\">\u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1532\">calcTotalWeight()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1210\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1211\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1537\">\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1212\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1213\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1214\">\u0932\u0941\u0938\u093f\u0921\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f, \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e, \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0942\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0932 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1215\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1216\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1542\">\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1217\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1218\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1219\">\u0917\u0932\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1546\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1548\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0908 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0908-\u0915\u0949\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1220\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1221\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1553\">\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1222\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1223\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1224\">\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1555\">calcTax()<\/code>\u00a0\u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1557\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"1226\">\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"1227\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0942\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0932 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0908-\u0915\u0949\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0907\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<p id=\"tALbkTu\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-914\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"467\" sizes=\"(max-width: 836px) 100vw, 836px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/img_67d270f223060.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/img_67d270f223060.png 836w, https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/img_67d270f223060-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/img_67d270f223060-768x429.png 768w\" width=\"836\"\/><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1228\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1229\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1230\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1565\">\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1231\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1232\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1233\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1566\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1568\">\u0928\u093e\u092e<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1570\">\u092a\u0924\u093e<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1572\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1234\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1235\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1574\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a0\u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1576\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>, \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1578\">\u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1580\">\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/code>, \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1582\">calcSubTotal()<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1584\">calcTotalWeight()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1236\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1237\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1586\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>\u00a0\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0938\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1588\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1590\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/code>\u00a0\u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1592\">\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1594\">\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/code>, \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1596\">calcSubTotal()<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1598\">calcTax()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1238\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1239\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1600\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/code>\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1602\">\u0936\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u091c\u0928<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1604\">\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1606\">\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902()<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1608\">\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1240\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1241\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1610\">\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/code>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1612\">\u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f<\/code>, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1614\">\u0928\u0915\u0926<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1616\">\u091a\u0947\u0915<\/code>, \u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1618\">\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f<\/code>\u00a0\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1242\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1243\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1624\">\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1244\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1245\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1246\">\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a 1 \u0938\u0947 0..* \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1628\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1630\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1247\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1248\">\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1633\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1635\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>\u00a0(1 \u0938\u0947 1..*) \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1249\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1250\">\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a 0..* \u0938\u0947 1 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1642\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1644\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/code>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1251\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1252\">\u00a0\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1647\">\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u0947\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1649\">\u0928\u0915\u0926<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1651\">\u091a\u0947\u0915<\/code>, \u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1653\">\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f<\/code>\u00a0\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1253\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1254\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1659\">\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1255\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1256\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1257\">\u0926\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1661\">calcTax()<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1663\">calcSubTotal()<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0903\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1665\">\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1667\">\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1258\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1259\"><strong data-nodeid=\"1673\">\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"1260\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"1261\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1262\">\u090f\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1675\">\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f: \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u091f<\/code>\u00a0\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1677\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a0\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1263\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1264\">\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1680\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1682\">\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/code>\u00a0\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u0947\u091c \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"1265\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"1266\">\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0932\u093e\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1685\">+calcTax()<\/code>\u00a0\u092f\u093e\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"1687\">-calcTax()<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 UML \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Visual Paradigm \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 UML \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 UML \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928<\/strong>: Visual Paradigm \u0938\u092d\u0940 UML \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1<\/a><a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/uml-class-diagram-tutorial\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2<\/a><a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/overview-of-the-14-uml-diagram-types\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">3<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940<\/strong>: \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u091f\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/solution\/freeumltool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">4<\/a><a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/solution\/freeumltool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">5<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong>: Visual Paradigm \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0935\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 Windows, Mac OS X \u0914\u0930 Linux \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/solution\/freeumltool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">4<\/a><a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/solution\/freeumltool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">5<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong>: \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u0914\u0930 UML \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/solution\/freeumltool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">4<\/a><a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/solution\/freeumltool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">5<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0941\u092b\u094d\u0924<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u090f\u0921\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0941\u092b\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/solution\/freeumltool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">4<\/a><a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/solution\/freeumltool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">5<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0924\u093e UML \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0947\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 230,000 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0949\u0930\u091a\u0942\u0928 500 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1<\/a><a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/editions\/modeler\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">6<\/a><a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/solution\/freeumltool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">5<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>: \u091f\u0942\u0932 \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">7<\/a><a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/tutorials\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">8<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b UML \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923-\u0926\u0930-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/tutorials\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">8<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"1268\">\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"1269\">UML \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938, \u0917\u0941\u0923, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0908-\u0915\u0949\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928-\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p data-nodeid=\"1269\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 UML \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-nodeid=\"1270\">\u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u092a \u0906\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u091b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (UML) \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0915, \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901. \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1478,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/img_66c82d89019b6.png","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UML \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921 - Ez Knowledge Indian - Latest in AI &amp; Software Innovation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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