{"id":1558,"date":"2026-03-25T05:29:48","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:29:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/cn\/balancing-normalization-read-performance-erd\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T05:29:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:29:48","slug":"balancing-normalization-read-performance-erd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/cn\/balancing-normalization-read-performance-erd\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5728ER\u56fe\u4e2d\u5e73\u8861\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u4e0e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6027\u80fd"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Infographic in stamp and washi tape style illustrating the balance between database normalization and read performance in ER diagrams, showing normalization forms (1NF-BCNF), read cost factors (joins, I\/O, CPU), optimization strategies (denormalization, materialized views, read replicas, indexing), and a decision framework for when to normalize versus denormalize based on workload patterns\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ez-knowledge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/balancing-normalization-read-performance-er-diagrams-infographic.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f88\u5c11\u662f\u5728\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u975e\u6b64\u5373\u5f7c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002\u5f53\u67b6\u6784\u5e08\u6784\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f53-\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\uff08ERD\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u9762\u4e34\u4e25\u683c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4e0e\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u5e94\u7528\u6240\u9700\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u901f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5206\u6790\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5982\u4f55\u51b3\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u754c\u9650\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7406\u89e3\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff1a\u57fa\u7840 \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u5197\u4f59\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5c06\u5927\u8868\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u66f4\u903b\u8f91\u5316\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6d88\u9664\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5173\u952e\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\uff081NF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u786e\u4fdd\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u3002\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8303\u5f0f\uff082NF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u57fa\u4e8e1NF\u3002\u6240\u6709\u975e\u952e\u5c5e\u6027\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e3b\u952e\u3002\u6d88\u9664\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u8303\u5f0f\uff083NF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u57fa\u4e8e2NF\u3002\u6d88\u9664\u4f20\u9012\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u975e\u952e\u5c5e\u6027\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u952e\u3001\u6574\u4e2a\u952e\uff0c\u4e14\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u535a\u4f0a\u65af-\u79d1\u5fb7\u8303\u5f0f\uff08BCNF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u76843NF\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8303\u5f0f\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6574\u6d01\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002ER\u56fe\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b21\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7 \ud83d\udcb8<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u68c0\u7d22\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u5fc5\u987b\u6267\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0a\u662f\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u51cf\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u8868\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u5f15\u64ce\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>CPU\u5f00\u9500\uff1a<\/strong> \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u952e\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u952e\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u9501\u4e89\u7528\uff1a<\/strong> \u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6301\u6709\u9501\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u578b\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u73af\u5883\uff08\u5982\u62a5\u8868\u4eea\u8868\u677f\u6216\u9762\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u7684API\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ef6\u8fdf\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u7528\u6237\u671f\u671b\u5373\u65f6\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981100\u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u7528\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u970010\u6beb\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565 \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u67b6\u6784\u5e08\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u9009\u62e9\u6027\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8868\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u3002\u8bc6\u522b\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5197\u4f59\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7ecf\u5e38\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237\u59d3\u540d\u53ca\u5176\u8ba2\u5355\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u59d3\u540d\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba2\u5355\u8868\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe<\/h3>\n<p>\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u597d\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5237\u65b0\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65f6\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u7684\u590d\u6742\u805a\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u8bfb\u53d6\u526f\u672c<\/h3>\n<p>\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0e\u5199\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e3b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4e3b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4fdd\u6301\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u526f\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u975e\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565<\/h3>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\u3002\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u6ee1\u8db3\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8868\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u5e38\u89c1\u5916\u952e\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4f55\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316 \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n<p>\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u57fa\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u505a\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<colgroup>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u7406\u7531<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u9ad8\u5199\u5165\u9891\u7387<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u4fdd\u6301\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u66f4\u65b0\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u9ad8\u8bfb\u53d6\u9891\u7387<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u8003\u8651\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u51cf\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u68c0\u7d22\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u4fdd\u6301\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u5355\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u53ef\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u6f02\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u62a5\u544a\u4e0e\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u805a\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u590d\u6742\uff1b\u9884\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u9700\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u62c6\u5206\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u6743\u8861\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 vs \u901f\u5ea6 \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u6bcf\u6b21\u5f15\u5165\u5197\u4f59\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 <code>\u7528\u6237<\/code> \u8868\u548c<code>\u901a\u77e5<\/code> 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